Hi Sakina, I agree with cdavis / Connor that having an early onset of lactic acid in the legs is great for freediving
Lactic acid means to me that those limps are not using O2 any more, leaving more O2 for the heart and brain. Personally I have the opposite, my lactic acid always starts late.
Relaxation, breathing technique, swimming technique and streamlining are key factors to extend your dives.
Here are a few quick tips:
Relaxation.
Most people have tense muscles in place or another. A trick to find those tensions is have another person move your body as you relax those parts, you'll both feel your muscles resistance in not fully relaxed parts. Another trick is to purposefully tense parts for a second and let go. Like raising your shoulders up high hold for a few seconds and let go. Another way is auto(self) suggestion. This is a form of self hypnosis. First lay down relaxed, and focus and observe on your natural breathing, without judgement or direction. Then, when you feel relaxed, start telling/suggesting/commanding parts of your body to become heavy, very heavy in a rhythm that follows your heart-rate. Start with small parts, like your hand and visualise it with your eyes closed and in your minds eye see it become relaxed and heavy. Slow but surely your body is going to respond to your commands. For fun you auto suggest also body parts warming up, or cooling
You can also slow your heart-rate.
At the shallow end of the pool standing in the water, you can use the slow easy belly breathing to centre your focus, and to slow down your heart-rate. Lifting and dropping your shoulders may also help if you suspect they are tense. It's an area where (work) stress usually builds up. The more relaxed you start, the better. As I've experienced one can only loose relaxation once the dive has started.
Breathing.
Most people learn to breath wrong due to bad examples and stress.
Chest breathing is useful for fight and flight, but for relaxation one needs relaxed belly breathing. Lay down, or sit strait and put 1 hand on your chest, one on your belly and feel how your normal breathing is. Is it chest only, or chest belly, or belly chest, or only belly? Practice belly breathing.
Breath-up/final breath.
Some people call it breath-up, as if they need to hyperventilate and collect a large volume of air. I disagree with this term, as I see the breaths before the final breath as a way to slow down one's metabolism. One does so with easy relaxed belly breathing. Breathing more then you need (hyperventilation) increases one's metabolism and lowers your CO2 in your bloodstream, which in turn increases your O2 consumption.
What I do favour is to have a full breath of fresh air. As a final breath, exhale all air, and inhale slowly from the belly up until you're full, hold, relax shoulders and start your dive.
Swimming technique.
It determines your efficiency. The particular technique(s) used are dependent on: your aim, your environment (surface/under water), material and your physical abilities. For instance you describe a difficult shoulder, this may mean that having arms over head (like streamlining monofinners do) may not be an option for you. Also your speed may vary according to your foil/fin. All fins have an ideal speed, the speed where they have the best efficiency. I suspect your foil has one too. But then your body has also an ideal movement speed. I suggest trying a wide range of speeds and compare the results, it's great fun!
Streamlining.
Did you know when swimming dynamic without fins one can gain about 60% efficiency by looking down to the line instead of looking ahead? Improoving streamlining is the fastest way to get more distance. There is 1 catch, people tense up in an effort to be like a stiff torpedo, so one needs to find a middle ground.
Also the swimming technique need to consider streamlining. Beginners with a monofin often bend their knees to kick the blade down and have propulsion. In proper monofin technique it's a full body movement.
1 Push of the wall and be streamlined and strait, looking down; perhaps even a bit backwards if you have a stiff upper back (like me).
2 Then push your arms a bit up to lift your strait body at small angle,
3 Rotate your hips forward and keep you legs strait,
4 With tension on your legs push your bottom up,
5 Now your body rotates forward and goes forward as your hips, legs and foil returns to the horizontal position.
I hope this helps to get a going, feel free to ask for seconds
I also like to remind you of the Deeperblue search function, which also cover most if not all off your question.
If you are in my vicinity you're invited to share some training time.
Tell us how it goes, I'm especially interested in how your Pilot foil performs with the all the possible speeds, including full on sprint. (watch the wall though...)
Love, Courage and Water,
Kars