SPEAROS,
OK, this is the Einstein in me thinking of the dynamics of a speargun ................. No throwing rotten eggs please. he he he.
I will not call a track on the Riffe Standard Series and Mid-Handle Series as a pure open track, I forgot how deep the groove of a Competitor series is. I think the mentioned series track is a 40% track. An open track in my opinion is like the JBL shaft slider and Riffe Metal Tech shaft slider. An enclosed track speargun only enclosed 70% of the shaft diameter. A fully enclosed track should be then a barrel.
Pneumatic speargun actually uses a 100% enclosed track ( barrel ) but the shaft doesn't ride on the barrel because the barrel conform to the piston diameter not shaft diameter. The shaft is being guided by a slide ring at the muzzle front but the power is purely driven from the rear of the shaft. I ruined more than 5 pneumatics and I can not find any speargun more accurate than this compressed air baby. Size for size, they are quite powerful and very-very accurate. I used 2 Mares Stern and 3 Scubapro. I can shoot a 3" long squid with these guns from 6 feet away. During my "indiscipline" days I shot a sleeping fish at night right into the eye ( I aimed the eye from 6 feet away ) because this 45 pounder species has such thick scales I was never able penetrate the flesh thru the scales ( with this short 90cm pneumatic ). I always get only the 3" round scale and if I do get the shaft to penetrate, it is always only 2" into it and the 8mm shaft will always break at the threaded end when the fish start going mad around the rocks. I do believe that by being pushed completely from behind the shaft and having a guiding slide ring on the muzzle, a spear shaft will shoot accurately.
Now back to the open track. I tested my Riffe Standard #2 with a 5/16" ( 8mm ) shaft and 3/8" (9.5mm ) shaft, this two sizes fits well on the track/groove. I tried shaking left and right and it has very little play. I am sure the track offers some sort of shaft guidance for accuracy, it must be. As why a 9/32" and 5/16" shaft whip when over powered, I am asumming that this is what happened :
We know that thin shaft actually has to some degree a bend occuring at the over hang length where the shaft is no more supported by the track. My #2 Riffe has about 10.5" ( 26cm ), this is a 24 threaded 5/16 ( 8mm ) shaft. If you add a regular spearhead add another 3-4" of extra length. An Ice Pick spearhead will add another like 6" extra length. All these weight will bow the shaft down, especialy a 9/32" shaft. Gravity made this happen. Kurt Bickel ( www.2xtreme.net ) mentioned this when he was fixing the accuracy problem of a friend's Riffe Island.
I agree with him to this point. Now I am adding my assumption again , if a shaft is already bowing an arc heading to 6 o'clock before being fired ...... the moment the gun fired, the water resistance will caused more bending. Terry Maas book mentioned that Steve Alexander and Harry Davis clocked shaft speed in their special testing tank. They also use slow motion video to learn of muzzle recoil. It was stated that the average speargun has a shaft launching speed of about 60 miles per hour right after leaving the muzzle. This is 96 KM/H or 26 meters per second or 86 feet per second.
Take a look at the data from MARES on shaft speed :
Pneumatic System
Sample of Products Cyrano 970 (MARES)
Power unit 28 bar compressed air
Lo (Total length of Gun) 1,220 mm
Lt (Loading effort length) 780 mm
Max. Loading Effort 298 Newtons
Stored Energy 218 J
Shaft speed at 2.5 m 28.5 m/s
Shaft speed at 4.0 m 24.0 m/s
数字は Mares社が イタリアの Institute of Technogy & Mechanical System of Genoa University と共同で実験した結果だそうです。
This is not an awesome awesome shaft speed but what we must study is the acceleration involved. Let's visualize the gun being my Riffe Standard #2 powered by 4 x 9/16 bands using 5/16 shaft (8mm ) , it should qualify the shaft speed. The butt of the spear shaft to the most forward part of my gun's muzzle ( also the track/groove ) is 38" ( 96cm ). This means that the shaft achieved a speed of 26 meters per second only after travelling for 96 cm. Engineers figure it out what kind of super acceleration is involved. Actually in a gun using a rubber, the acceleration to this 26 meters/second occured not at the muzzle but rather behind it or should I say well before it reaches the muzzle because a rubber at a non-loaded state is already has it wishbone position 30% behind the muzzle. This means the achieved speed & acceleration is even faster than 26 meters per second.
This shaft which is supposedly already having its tip pointed rather downwards is being accelerated to such warp speed, what happened ? Water being like 2000 times denser than air is one horrible drag-rich atmosphere, I think the shaft will bend more in that fraction of a second. Thus a low shot occured because of the rudder effect of the shaft physical dimension. This is why Steve Alexander and Jay Riffe mentioned that 3/8" is quite resistant to shaft whip because it is stiff enough.
I also believe that a shock wave is created within the shaft physical properties/dimension caused by the sudden G force of this crazy acceleration, this is what Terry Maas explained as the rear of the shaft trying to catch up with the front. It explained that the shaft actually turned into a spaghetti the moment it is fired. If the shot were fired in air I am sure this would not happen because the drag of air is 2000 times less. Simple example is the cross bow gun, I know some models shoot light weight arrow up to +-200 feet/second or 60 meters per second.
This carbon or aluminum shaft is not that stiff but air resistance is unlike water resistance. Falling from a given height and at a speed of 60 miles per hours into water will give you almost an equivalent of hitting a concrete wall, depending on the angle of impact and total surface area involved. I think a stand still shaft un-fired and suddenly moving so fast when fired, actually undergone the same effect as hitting a "brick" of water, thus this is how I assume a shock wave was created to distort the shape of the shaft it is not stiff enough.
So to summarize my assumption on shaft whip is as follows :
If the power applied to a given shaft is within the shaft stifness treshold limit, accuracy should do well given that the hydrodynamic of the spearhead is not the ruining factor.
If the power applied to a given shaft exceed a shaft stifness treshold by a minor margin and the shaft overhang + its spearhead weight created a pre-fired bending, I think a very low shooting will occur.
If the power applied to a given shaft exceed its stifness threshold by a wide margin, erratic point of impact will occur because of the unpredictable nature of how the shaft will re-act to the shock wave.
Now allow me to assume again how enclosed track works on thin shafts : Enclosed track work not only because it guides a shaft almost 70% of its entire diameter and the entire length of the track, but what also happened is that extra stiffness is introduced to the shaft. How so ? The clearance of the enclosed track internal diameter is of a very reasonable tolerance compared to the shaft diameter. The process of having an outer wall made by the enclosed track for the shaft is equivalent of making the shaft "thicker" and thus it becomes stiffer. If I am not wrong, double thickness = quadraple stiffness. An enclosed track is longer than the shaft accelerating space/length, what do I mean by this ? As we know rubber/band when attach to a speargun in a non-loaded position is already about 30% behind the muzzle. So when a shaft is fired from an enclosed track speargun, 2/3 of the enclosed track length is the "shock-wave absorber" area, after this length there is no more increase in shaft acceleration but there is still 1/3 of the enclosed track length to guide the shaft nicely out of the gun.
Remember Steve mentioned that an enclosed track does not help if the shaft is not being over-powered, this must be because that mentioned shaft did not exceed its stiffness treshold limit. This also tells us that an open track is almost just as good, as long as my theory of "shockwave" did not occur on that shaft.
As for the Eurogun being accurate without track, if I am not wrong there is a little hole at the muzzle where you place the shaft in, this gives the "barrel " guiding effect. Also most European gun comes only with a single 16mm or 20mm ( new models ), this means only a maximum of 135 pounds of rubber pressure involved, I think still within limits for a 6.5mm shaft.
Also it is only fair to test or verify a gun accuracy based on the same shooting distance. For every feet extra shooting distance the accuracy grouping will have to expand/widen, depending on the amount of inherent accuracy built into the gun.
Wheeewww, I am spent. I will post again on my muzzle theory later.
Thank you for your time gentlemen. I hope you enjoy my imagination. :duh :duh
Now you may throw the rotten eggs at me.
IYA