Elephants are born tail first, like dolphins and manatees. They may take up to 10 minutes to be born, and must hold their breath during that time. The female elephant has a very long birth canal, which may indicate a change from more upright (biped) to quadruped. (See other notes above)
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Newborn elephants (like human infants) can swim, but cannot use their trunks as snorkels until much later. The trunk has 40,000 muscles, the human body has a total of about 680 muscles.
(Source: In The Womb by David Sims, as part of a Nat'l Geographic special)
Most likely the last common ancestor of the elephant, manatee and hyrax resembled a small tapir with hooves and short tusks, behaved somewhat like a beaver using incisor teeth tusks to gnaw soft barks (willow, aspen, juniper?) and evolved replaceable molars to munch both wetland herbiage (high in silica) and shrubbery leaves and fruits. Today the hooves & tusks remain in various forms in the descendants.
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Tooth Microwear and Dietary Patterns In Early Hominids From Laetoli, Hadar and Olduvai
PF Puech/B Puech
http://independent.academia.edu/pfpuech/Papers/
We offer an approach to food habits of early hominids
Microscopic analysis reveals specific patterns of wear facets on dental crowns in early hominids from Laetoli; Hadar and Olduvai. The analysis of dental microwear patterns provides an important adjunct for determining Australopithecus afarensis and Homo habilis feeding behaviors and therefore provides an additional source of information for understanding human evolution.
Man has great leeway in terms of creativity and always seeks what could be better. In inspecting possible new foods he certainly soon discovered that seeds and grains can better be eaten when milled.
It is to be noted that the enamel surface of Australopithecus and Homo habilis teeth (1,8 to 3 million years ago) present a micro-wear attributed to amorphous silica present in cyperaeae and graminaeae. The word "grain" is to be considered as the seed or fruit of various food plants like Cyperus esculentus (Cyperaceae) a very variable species from a large group of wild, mainly weedy plants. Some, named chufa (papyrus sedge rhyzome), produces tubers from which are extracted a milk.
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Likely the sea urchin-eating carnivorous sea otter and the kelp-eating herbivorous stellars sea cow (kin of elephant) complemented each other nichewise along the peripherial Pacific Ocean coldwater coasts from Japan to Beringea to Baja California, the so-called Kelp Highway, later followed by the boat-using ancestors of the Native Americans.