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Exhale Diving for the "average" diver

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One thing that makes it tricky to spearfish FRC is the necessity of the static phase of the dive. Since you are taking down less 02, you must use what you have more efficiently. That pretty much requires a static phase to allow time for the dive reflex to kick in hard. Once kicked in, you should be able to fight a fish just fine(IMHO), but if you start too early, its more like a full lung dive with less air and less safety factor.

To address your specific questions: The risk of BO is reduced with FRC diving, but that requires that you do it right, which takes practice. Do it wrong and you are worse off. You work much less hard getting down(that is the static phase), but what really makes frc work is the stronger earlier dive reflex.

Thank you cdavis and Laminar. Your comments are very helpful.

The first thing I noticed was how quickly the reflex kicked in! I had a very relaxed feeling at 20 meters with my lungs only 1/3 full at the start. I can feel a slight sqeeze but still had plenty of air to compensate. Not one to trust things that I don't fully understand, I cut the time short since diving on anything less than a "deep" breath was foreign to me.

The static phase is key! When I am weighted to be negative at 10 meters on a full breath my dive reflex is weaker and there is a lot of CO2 build up due to the hard kicking to get past 10 meters. After 10 there is a static phase but the CO2 that has accumulated shortens my bottom time.

Do I have to choose one or the other or can I use full breaths and frc dives together? Can I use both to my advantage?

I was about to ask Laminar about recovery but cdavis beat me to it. Laminar?
 
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Laminar,

FRC recovery times for me(when I don't push the dive) appear to be so short as to be down right unbelievable.

Connor

What I initially found a little frightening about recoveries on FRC dives was that it seem that within seconds I was ready to dive. Even on a hypoxic dive, recovery appears to happen quickly, since I feel you don't totter on the edge of samba nearly as easily or suffer from as sudden a drop in blood pressure when you surface.

So there's the perception that perhaps you weren't as hypoxic when in fact you could have been even more hypoxic but more blood shifted and less predisposed to losing consciousness.

This is what it feels like to recover:

- long recreational dives: surface, a long hook breath, and then a few deep breaths, pop the snorkel back in and breathe as needed and within about 30 seconds I'd feel totally normal.

- performance dives: surface, hook breath, a couple of deep breaths and boom! burning legs for a couple of seconds, and then 30 second recovery and feel normal again. Probably fatigue still in arms and legs and then of course I'd sense that a much longer recovery was required 5-15 minutes.

I have not yet blacked myself out on FRC.

However, after each example, if I tried to dive too soon after, I would soon feel hypoxic or even acidic (not in a good way).

I don't think there's a set ratio.

I worked it out a rough guide by doing about 3-4 weeks of solid 10-15m dives on FRC when I was first starting out. Seeing what recovery and time at depth ratio (by feel, mostly) worked best. Suddenly, when I figured it out, my times jumped dramatically - all without pushing to contractions.

In terms of performance oriented training on FRC, there is still so much to explore, but I'm confident that we will see performances that get very close to distances on full inhale and packing within the next year or so.

200m dynamic with monofin
100m constant weight
80m constant no fins
7 minutes static apnea+
16 x 50m in a decent time
etc....

I've been training in the pool again on FRC and finding significant differences in terms of sensation but in many ways similar parameters (or better).

To address recovery:

When I'm diving recreationally between 10-30m and 1'30 - 2'00" or so (no contractions), I generally wait about 3-5 minutes before the next dive for the longer and deeper ones. A bit less 2-3 minutes for shallower ones. I could easily maintain 1:1 in the 1'00 - 1'20" range and still feel pretty relaxed, I think. I figured out the 3-5 minutes mostly by feel in the very beginning, rather than searching for a specific ratio.

The key is to be patient. There is a lot of value in my opinion on using a natural sub-neutral breathing pattern as much as possible (no overt ventilations or purges) and that often means a longer rest. Others use a bit more aggressive breathing (Eric, at times) to compensate for cold and other factors. We have to always allow for individual differences and new approaches to this style.

So my advice is to set yourself a reasonable depth floor 10-15m, so that if you do feel hypoxic your time to get to the surface is short. Also, by having the same depth on each dive, you can be more finely tuned to the differences in effort, C02, low O2, dive response (which is what makes you get better and better with FRC), and mental state and how your body reacts to all this.

Remember that your acclimatization or adaptation to FRC should be about initiating a powerful dive response or dive response over a long session or many times a week. Better yet, aim for all three. ;) A dive response is what will make this work for you. Also you don't need much more than 4-5m to train for excellent chest flexbility, which is quite surprising. I'd say that 4-5m is the minimum, but 10-20m is ideal.

When you start to exceed old inhale+packing personal bests, that's when things start to get interesting. :t

Pete
 
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Just a question for Laminar and Dave.

How well do you stay warm when diving this way in our cooler waters?

I've played with FRC on and off, but have decided to give it a real go this winter. I'm doing two pool sessions a week, and really enjoy them much more than my old high C02 workouts that I used to do. The training is much more relaxed and I come out of the water feeling like I just left a yoga class.

My plan is to get into the lake at least once a week, all winter, and practice FRC. I was in for about 2 hours today and started to get chilled- even though I was wearing 6mm Elois wetsuit and the water was 52F. I plan on diving in water down to the mid 30F's and am wondering how much shorter my dive times will be. Is this style of diving better suited for warm water climates, or can it be used, effectively, in northern climes?

At the end of my session today did a couple of inhale sprints underwater to warm up. Will this wreck havoc with my dive reflex? Is it OK to just go for a hard swim to warm up thought out the day, or is it better to keep relaxed the whole time?

I will say that my dive times were shorter than normal, but still long enough to shoot fish- if I had seen any.:head I also felt a much stronger bloodshift out of my legs than I have previously- which tells me that something is working. Plus, I get to dump a large chunk of lead off of my weightbelt. :)

I plan on working on this for the rest of the winter, but am wondering if I need to invest in a 10mm wetsuit to do so. ;)
Jon
 
Hi Jon,

I don't do enough cold water diving to answer your main question, but, in the pool, you can do your cardio before or after exhale practice. I don't see any significant difference. If anything, I do a little better in apnea when I do laps first. It takes a while to shift over from cardio to apnea, at least 10 minutes more than normal after I am no longer breathing hard. If time is an issue, do the apnea first.

I tried doing a few sprints after I got cold diving in Canada, but it did not work well, the warmth didn't last long and it killed my dive time.

Connor
 
Hey Jon,

Got your PM - will answer when I have time for a considered answer.

Yes, FRC makes for colder diving. But what I do in winter is switch to no fins - although my Hyperfin is quite warm now - and do what feel like shorter dives but over the winter turn into quite long ones.

Connor is quite right about a low-medium intensity cardio warm up. You could do a round of FRC and then warm up with some exercise. Or start of with some cardio. But I don't think there's any need to do any breath holds on an inhale.

You'll need to fuel up now and then and don't underestimate the energy drain of exercising + thermogenesis, although you are no stranger to cold water. Dive response will make you cold much faster.

As a guideline, last winter I'd swim for 90 minutes in 6-8C water in a 5mm pants 3mm top (Elios heiwa) until my feet would get to cold from lack of use. Socks were crappy 3mm. I have some 5mm Elios socks on the way and new gloves. My three-fingered gloves have holes in every finger from donning monofins in a hurry and so now my finger tips are immune to freezing except in the coldest of water. :duh

Pete
 
I'm not doing so much FRC but the water here is around 50f and I am using a 5mil suit. I am doing a lot of long holds trying to photograph Lake Trout. Yesterday my first few dives were very shallow - 12 feet - and since I am weighted neutral at about 20 I was diving on less than half a lung. Anyway - FRC or no this style of diving gets cold fast. What I try to do is eat something with a slow burn before hand - usually oatmeal with coconut oil, Ghee and brown sugar. Then I do monofin sprints whenever I start to get chilled. I typically swim to and from my dive site in a series of medium paced apnea sprints - though I find it takes much longer to recover from these and do long dives than it does to recover from a long, passive dive. Anyway - yesterday, for example - I was starting to shiver so I swam the 500 yards or so back to shore in a series of sprints with short breathe-ups. I was pretty comfortable when I got back.
Pete - same here with my hyperfin so far - toasty warm with 3 mil socks. Toes get number after awhile but it doesn't seem temp related.

FYI - its just awesome here right now. Fantastic visibility, zero boats and lots of big fish.
 
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I ended up doing a bit of no-fins last winter after the lakes iced over. The first time I tried it was quite by accident- my fingers were so cold I couldn't get my monofin on over my 6mm socks. I started doing some no-fins divies and found that I stayed much warmer than normal. Considering the depth, all less than 10 meters, I didn't really miss the fins(s) at all. I plan to switch over to no fins later on in the season when spearing ends and ice diving starts.

I have the coconut oil, but haven't started using it just yet- usually wait until the water drops into the low 40's before I add it in. Sounds like I need to buy a hyperfin. rofl Right now I'm using 6mm socks in Mustang footpockets. My feet didn't get cold- it was more of a whole-body type of thing.

I also am thinking about getting a new winter suit. My summer wetsuit has a black-shadow lining on in and my winter suit is bare opencell rubber. I get itchy after wearing the bare opencell- something which I had forgotten about over the summer. I used to think is was the hair conditioner that I was using, but now am convinced it's the bare rubber itself.

Jon
 
Jon,
Fondue has some kind of fancy, organic, la de da, (expensive) conditioner that I used and it did not irritate my sensitive skin. Regular (cheep!) conditioner gives me a hard time. Just a possible.

Connor
 
200m dynamic with monofin
100m constant weight
80m constant no fins
7 minutes static apnea+
16 x 50m in a decent time
etc....


I really get the point when it comes to deep diving and i actually try to train only frc.

But 200m dyn, 7 min static ... in dynamics i see the advantage of o2 preservation due to dive reflex ( you wait until it kicks in and then start diving ? )
But static ... is there any advantage over a relaxed full inhale ?

I may have missed some points in frc when it comes to dynamic and static ... could you please sum up the advantages in dynamic and especially statics?
( if eric or you are doing 7 min frc statics that doesn't necesaary mean it has advantages there ... )

Tommy
 
But 200m dyn, 7 min static ... in dynamics i see the advantage of o2 preservation due to dive reflex ( you wait until it kicks in and then start diving ? )
But static ... is there any advantage over a relaxed full inhale ?
Tommy

There is no advantage in static or dynamic, but the point is you can still do 200m/7min anyway. Not a world record, but it means you can still do well in a competition without the dangers & stresses of packing.

BTW my longest FRC static so far is 6'05" but I'm improving quickly and hope to get to 7'00" soon. According to my calculations the practical limit for FRC static is around 8'00", as opposed to 10min+ with packing.
 
But 200m dyn, 7 min static ... in dynamics i see the advantage of o2 preservation due to dive reflex ( you wait until it kicks in and then start diving ? )
But static ... is there any advantage over a relaxed full inhale ?

I may have missed some points in frc when it comes to dynamic and static ... could you please sum up the advantages in dynamic and especially statics?
( if eric or you are doing 7 min frc statics that doesn't necesaary mean it has advantages there ... )

Tommy

The advantage is one of simplicity, complexity, injury avoidance, huge benefits to recreational FRC diving, and the dream of diving like a seal. For me personally, I have no clue how far training, genetics, and my particular approach will take me, but I know better than to set limits such were previously assumed in no limits, unassisted CW, static apnea, etc, etc...

I have yet to try an FRC static. Don't like static much, focusing more on pool training at the moment and being in a dive response state all day long (which happened by accident at first).

Pete
 
Thats all i wanted to know :)

As breaking any record is not really an issue to me, i will stick to the frc training.
I am with you in all the points you mentioned, pete, i just wasn't sure wether i missed an additional advantage in statics or dynamics.


Tommy
 
Thats all i wanted to know :)

I am with you in all the points you mentioned, pete, i just wasn't sure wether i missed an additional advantage in statics or dynamics.


Tommy

....Girls dig it. :inlove
 
Work.

I teach swimming, monofin swimming, train with friends twice a week, take people swimming in open water, and swim/dive on my own.

For teaching, I typically stand around in waist deep water giving people feedback, swimming to demonstrate drills/focus points, and generally get colder and colder. Yet, in the last month or so, since I've been working nearly 7 days a week, I don't shiver anymore, just get cold. I often have a morning and evening session in the pool (or several). In between, I feel very blood shifted and don't produce heat that well after a prolonged session. Pool temps range from 82F to 78F. Ocean is 48F.

This is a sample of the time I spend in the water - this week's schedule actually:

Monday: 3 hrs teaching (1 hour class, 1 hour swim, and 1 hour evening class)

Tuesday: 3.5 hrs (2 hour class and 1.5 in ocean doing easy recreational diving/swimming)

Wednesday: 5.5 hours (4 hours in the morning teaching in a cold pool + 1.5 hours class evening)

Thursday: 5 hours (swim club AM, 1.5 hours pool training AM, 1.5 evening class)

Friday: 3hrs (includes 1.5 pool training + 1.5 in ocean swimming)

Saturday: 5 hours teaching (11-5 am with an hour's break for lunch)

Sunday: 5 hours teaching (11-5 am with an hour's break for lunch)

Some weeks a little less, some a little more.

Anyway, the other day I was talking to a woman about freediving and she asked me to show her what being relaxed underwater looks like. So I literally hopped into the water (after standing on the deck talking to her for 10 minutes and having taught an hour long class that was actually from the deck for a change), exhaled and swam 50m no fins without any urge to breathe. I wanted to show her that being underwater doesn't have to be tense or anxious so I purposely didn't "breathe up." Tyler was watching and was surprised that I simply jumped in, inhaled and then exhaled and went.

Normally 50m isn't that hard on FRC but this was ridiculously easy.

I find in my training sessions, I feel extremely bloodshifted right away and it doesn't take more than one rep to feel optimal.

I am closing on decent numbers for 50m repeats. 35 seconds swim and 40-50 seconds rest. I have not attempted anything faster yet, still giving my body time to adjust and adding reps.

Not sure exactly how to test it against non-wet weeks because it's been a while since that's happened. ;)

One interesting thing is that I'm not shivering anymore, which could mean that vasoconstriction/blood shift is increased or I'm simple burning more energy in thermogenesis.

If it's the latter, it doesn't seem to have had an effect on my dives.

Pete
 
Peter,

A quick question about goggles vs. masks while training in the pool.

You mentioned in a PM to me to use a set of goggles for the pool- rather than a mask. I understand that the cold water on the face will kick the dive reflex in faster, but if I normally dive with a mask in openwater, won't that trick my body when training?

Shouldn't I be using gear as similar as possible to my openwater diving, or is it more important to just work the reflex as much as possible in the limited time I have in the pool?


I post the question on here as I think others would be interested in your answer.

Thanks,

Jon
 
Shouldn't I be using gear as similar as possible to my openwater diving, or is it more important to just work the reflex as much as possible in the limited time I have in the pool?

I think that it's more important to activate as many dive response triggers as possible.

Ideally, you'd practice in a pool that's 50F, salt water without goggles/mask or a suit. But that wouldn't be very much fun and most people wouldn't keep it up. :martial

I'd say try goggles only and if it is an annoyance or somehow a problem, then use a mask. A little water up your nose does a lot for the dive response, but if your pool feels heavily chlorinated (ie. lots of organic stuff reacting with chlorine) then I think a mask would be best.

I would practice without a mask in the pool but my eyes get very irritated - they already do simply from leaking goggles. I'm getting new goggles, mine are falling apart, because they usually leak or flood on everyone 50m swim - which probably helps me. Come to think of it, my eyes and nose are usually immersed!

I do have the fortune of training in an ozone filtered pool. Chlorine is much reduced.
 
As soon as I find a clothing optional, co-ed, saltwater pool I'll put all of your ideas into practice. ;)

I swam with both mask and goggles today and felt it more with the goggles. I just need to get new ones as mine are so old, and scratched up, that I can't read my watch with them on. :head

I have a Paradisia nose clip that I can use in the pool, but I can do the training without it as well. I don't need it to keep the water out, but it sure helps me clear my ears when I hit the deep end while doing no-fins.:inlove

Jon
 
I wanted to show her that being underwater doesn't have to be tense or anxious so I purposely didn't "breathe up." Tyler was watching and was surprised that I simply jumped in, inhaled and then exhaled and went.

Laminar, when you say exhaled and went , do you mean a full exhale? To train up to your level is it advisable to start with a partial breath and decrease until full exhale or completely exhale and work from there?

Thanks!
 
Pete have you and Eric been using a heart rate monitor during your FRC training? And if so what were the results? My buddy and i have done a bit of FRC pool and ocean training. We do the break point statics followed by a no fins swim dragging a drouge. Quite demanding but very rewarding. How have you found stress effects your diving/performances. Predive and dive heart rate with frc dives?

Looking forward to seeing where and how far exhale/dive response diving can go.

Cheers Nat.
 
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